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Labor History in 2:00 

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January 21 - On Strike for Health & Dignity | Labor History in 2:00On this day in labor history, the year was 1973. That was the day Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers struck Shell Oil over health and safety issues. OCAW had been involved in lobbying for the passage of OSHA and other environmentally related Acts. Their members worked in some of the most dangerous, most toxic industries in the country. By 1972, they demanded contract language for health and safety committees on the job. The oil companies countered with accusations that improved safety proved too expensive and that OCAW used the issue to assert union control over the production process. The other oil companies eventually settled in OCAW’s favor. But Shell would not budge. And so, the OCAW called a strike at eight facilities and a boycott of all Shell products. They also successfully enlisted the support of environmental organizations by stressing toxic chemical exposure and hazards faced by workers and the public alike. Picket lines were solid and thousands honored the boycott. Sales for Shell fell by 25%. After four months, the strike fund was nearly drained. Shell exploited internal divisions among members at a Texas plant and negotiated a separate settlement. What health and safety language Shell agreed to, was non-binding. The union was broke and the strike ended in compromise in early June. Despite this, as historian Robert Gordon notes, OCAW was able to “gain strong health and safety language at all other oil companies for the first time, heightened public awareness of health hazards confronting millions of workers…and pressured OSHA into adopting stricter standards. Perhaps more importantly, the strike solidified the tentative labor-environmental alliance.” Having merged with the United Steelworkers, the union continues to secure safe working conditions through contracts and alliances today.
January 22 - Tragedy in the Mines and the Union Hall | Labor History in 2:00On this day in labor history, the year was 1959. That was the day the Susquehanna River flooded several mines throughout the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania. It marked the virtual end to coal mining in the Northern Anthracite Region, whose coalmines provided some 11,000 jobs. Knox Coal Company, owned by reputed mobster, John Sciandra, ordered workers to illegally excavate underneath the river to get at new coal seams, near Port Griffith. The company hit the jackpot, and mined rich new veins. Even though state regulations mandated a rock cover of 35 feet when tunneling underneath a waterway, theirs was only about six feet thick. The roof of Knox Coal’s River Slope Mine soon collapsed and a reported 10 billion gallons of water, ice and debris from the river came smashing through. The collapse created a whirlpool and dams were built to divert the river. 81 miners were trapped and many desperately searched for hours for an escape. Some were able to get out through an abandoned airshaft. The bodies of another 12 miners were never recovered. Audrey Baloga Calvey recalled in an interview that her father, a miner who died in the flooding, predicted trouble at the mine before his death. Saying  "When the water would get high, he'd say, 'God, if that river ever breaks in, we'll be drowned like rats,. Ten were indicted, including the mine’s president, Louis Fabrizio, Knox’s superintendent, and incredibly, UMWA District 1 president AND secret partner in the mine, August Lippi.  Several would serve prison time. Four owners were convicted of tax evasion and four local union 8005 officials were convicted of taking bribes in sweetheart deal contracts, including Lippi.      
January 23 - If Poison Doesn’t Work, Try Briggs! | Labor History in 2:00On this day in labor history, the year was 1933. That was the day 6,000 workers at Briggs Manufacturing in Detroit walked off the job and sparked a strike wave of 15,000 auto body workers. Briggs made auto bodies for Ford, Chrysler and Hudson in four Detroit-area plants. Their pay and working conditions were considered among the worst in the nation, inspiring the adage, “if poison doesn’t work, try Briggs.”  Earlier in the month, workers at the Waterloo plant, under the leadership of the short-lived Automobile Workers Union, struck against company-wide wage cuts and won. Their victory encouraged workers at the Highland Park and Mack Avenue Briggs plants to walk out over additional demands, which they joined in solidarity. Workers demanded the recognition of shop committees and pushed back against starvation wages. They also protested the hated “dead-time” policy, which required workers to stay on the job, unpaid, waiting for material or production lines. They wanted an end to pay deductions for tools and a worthless health insurance policy that left some with bi-weekly pay as low as 49 cents! Briggs quickly conceded to a wage increase and the end of “dead-time.” But they would not budge on recognizing the union. As the strike dragged on, strikebreaking under police escort increased, as did the redbaiting of union organizers. Workers gained nothing more and ended their walkout in early May.  According to historian Joyce Shaw Peterson, the walkout had been the most significant auto strike up to that point. Worker militancy and public support were impressive. As one worker recalled, after the Ford Hunger March the year before, workers took to the picket lines, facing down fears of physical injury or even death to fight for a better life.

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